رويا سالم

The increasing deman‎d for electric vehicles has led to the rapid growth of lithium-ion battery production an‎d consumption. Given the limited lifespan of these batteries, the entry of a substantial volume of end-of-life batteries into the industrial waste stream in the near future is inevitable. Recycling these batteries can significantly reduce environmental impacts while also playing a crucial role in supplying secondary raw materials. However, high recycling costs, policy constraints, an‎d consumer concerns regarding the quality of recycled batteries remain among the main barriers to the development of this market. Therefore, a simultaneous examination of supply chain players’ decisions an‎d government policies is essential to achieve a sustainable equilibrium. In this study, a two-period game-theoretic optimization model is proposed for the electric vehicle battery recycling supply chain, involving two sequential games among the government, the automaker, the new battery manufacturer, an‎d the recycling company. The government aims to maximize social welfare by employing green taxes an‎d recycling subsidies, while the other stakeholders make non-cooperative decisions. The model is first analyzed analytically an‎d then solved through numerical simulation for two battery packs with capacities of 57.6 an‎d 78.4 kWh. The results indicate that for the 57.6 kWh battery pack, supportive policies lead to an optimal recycling share of approximately 70%, whereas for the 78.4 kWh pack, due to higher costs an‎d budget constraints, the equilibrium recycling share decreases to about 55%. Furthermore, the findings show that recycling subsidies play a significant role in enhancing social welfare; however, their effectiveness is highly dependent on consumers’ sensitivity to the quality of recycled batteries an‎d the cost characteristics of each battery pack. Overall, the results suggest that recycling policies should be tailored to battery type an‎d market structure in order to achieve a sustainable balance between economic an‎d environmental objectives.

زنجيره تامين بازيافت , باتري خودروهاي برقي , يارانه , ماليات سبز , بازي‌هاي پياپي , رفاه اجتماعي

Recycling Supply Chain , Electric Vehicle Batteries , Recycling Subsidy , Green Tax , Sequential Games , Social Welfare

Roya Salem

Ahmad Makui