Economic, environmental modeling an‎d optimization of multi-generation systems on energy-consuming energy sources

10/14/2026 12:00:00 AM

The increasing global deman‎d for energy an‎d freshwater, coupled with the environmental consequences of fossil fuel consumption, highlights the urgency of developing sustainable an‎d zero emission systems. Conventional reliance on fossil fuels has accelerated climate change an‎d air pollution, underscoring the need for innovative multigeneration approaches that minimize emissions while maximizing efficiency. This study proposes a biomass based multigeneration system integrating biomass gasification, the innovative S-Graz oxy fuel cycle, proton exchange membrane electrolyzers, an‎d an ammonia synthesis unit to simultaneously produce electricity, hydrogen, ammonia, an‎d freshwater in a carbon neutral configuration. The S-Graz cycle ensures complete CO2 separation an‎d high efficiency at elevated temperatures, while the inclusion of ammonia synthesis enhances system value, positioning ammonia as both a strategic energy carrier an‎d an essential industrial product. A comprehensive 4E framework including energy, exergy, economic, an‎d environmental analyses was applied, supported by artificial neural networks combined with the NSGA-II algorithm for optimization. The system delivered 311.4 kW electricity, 157.7 kg/h hydrogen, 446.9 kg/h ammonia, an‎d 40.3 kg/s freshwater, with an overall exergy efficiency of 31.8 %. Exergy analysis identified the S-Graz cycle an‎d electrolyzers as major loss contributors, while the total cost was reduced to 206.8 dollars per hour. Integrated carbon capture prevented 558.9 kgCO2/h. Optimization further revealed a favorable balance among efficiency, ammonia production, an‎d cost reduction, confirming the system’s potential as a reliable carbon neutral solution for future sustainable energy supply.

گازي سازي زيست توده , سيكل اس-گرز , توليد آمونياك , بهينه سازي چندهدفه

Biomass gasification , S-graz cycle , Ammonia production , Multi-objective optimization

Amirali shirzad

Ayat Gharehghani