Investigation of Friction Time, Forge Pressure an‎d chemical composition on Mechanical Properties for Dissimilar Welding of SS 304 to Various Carbon Steels Using Rotary Friction Welding Method.

9/21/2026 12:00:00 AM

In this study, the effects of variations in friction time an‎d forging pressure parameters on the mechanical an‎d microstructural properties of dissimilar rotary friction welds between three carbon steels (Ck15, Ck30, an‎d Ck45) an‎d AISI 304 stainless steel were investigated. In the first phase of the project, the rotational speed, forging pressure, an‎d friction pressure were kept constant at 1500 rpm, 40 bar, an‎d 40 bar, respectively, while the friction time was set to 1, 3, an‎d 5 seconds. After determining the optimal friction time (5 seconds), all variables were held constant an‎d only the forging pressure was examined at values of 20, 40, an‎d 80 bar. Tensile tests were performed on the specimens in accordance with the ASTM E8 stan‎dard. A load of 100 g was applied for microhardness measurements across the weld cross-section. Fractography an‎d microstructural analyses of the samples were carried out using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), an‎d X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that, contrary to the findings reported in some related studies, the heat-affected zone contained minimal amounts of chromium carbides. Moreover, no peaks corresponding to chromium carbides were observed in the XRD patterns. The optimal welding parameters were determined to be a rotational speed of 1500 rpm, friction an‎d forging pressures of 40 bar, an‎d a friction time of 5 seconds. Under these optimal conditions, the weld between Ck30 carbon steel an‎d AISI 304 stainless steel exhibited the best tensile properties. It was also found that increasing the carbon content of the plain carbon steels led to an increase in ultimate tensile strength. Additionally, most specimens failed in the heat-affected zone on the plain carbon steel side. Hardness results indicated that increasing the forging pressure caused a significant reduction in hardness, whereas decreasing the forging pressure resulted in an increase in hardness.

جوشكاري اصطكاكي دوراني , فولاد ساده كربني , فولاد زنگ نزن

rotary friction welding , simple carbon steel , stainless steel

seyed ali mousavi mohhamadi

seyed reza elmi hosseini