Fabrication of a Layer-by-Layer Nano-biocomposite Based Biosensor of Gold–Polyethyleneimine Clusters an‎d Graphene for Breast Cancer Detection

10/18/2026 12:00:00 AM

Breast cancer remains one of the most common an‎d deadly malignancies among women worldwide, where early detection is crucial for improving prognosis an‎d patient survival. Among its molecular subtypes, HER2-positive breast cancer shows aggressive behavior due to the overexpression of the HER2 receptor, requiring highly sensitive an‎d specific diagnostic methods. In this study, a novel electrochemical nanobiosensor was developed for the selec‎tive detection of HER2-positive SKBR3 cells. Gold nanoparticles were synthesized using a green approach, an‎d the electrode surface was modified with graphene oxide through an in situ process, followed by its reduction to rGO. The surface was then uniformly coated with gold-polyethyleneimine (Au–PEI) nanocomposites, providing excellent surface stability an‎d biocompatibility. The monoclonal antibody Trastuzumab was immobilized onto the gold nanoparticles to enable specific recognition of HER2-expressing cells. The fabricated biosensor demonstrated the ability to detect single cells (LOD = 1 cell), with a quantification limit (LOQ) of 3 cells an‎d a linear dynamic range of 5–500 cells. Calibration curves showed a determination coefficient (R²) above 0.99, indicating a strong linear relationship between electrochemical response an‎d cell count. The biosensor also exhibited excellent repeatability (RSD = 1.92%) an‎d long-term stability, retaining about 96% of its initial response after 28 days of storage. Notably, this high sensitivity an‎d linearity were maintained even in complex biological matrices such as serum an‎d Buffy coat, confirming the sensor’s robustness in real-sample conditions. Overall, the results emphasize the high potential of this nanobiosensor for early an‎d reliable detection of HER2-positive breast cancer cells in clinical diagnostics.

نانوزيست‌حسگر , الكترود گرافيتي , گرافن اكسايد , تراستوزومب , سرطان پستان

Nanobiosensor , Graphene Oxide , Breast Cancer , Trastuzumab

Amir Matini Zonouz

Seyed Morteza Naghib